{"id":9086,"date":"2026-03-08T12:58:02","date_gmt":"2026-03-08T12:58:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/syri.tv\/?p=9086"},"modified":"2026-03-08T12:58:02","modified_gmt":"2026-03-08T12:58:02","slug":"analfabetizmi-funksional-dhe-shteti-jofunksional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/syri.tv\/?p=9086","title":{"rendered":"ANALFABETIZMI FUNKSIONAL DHE SHTETI JOFUNKSIONAL"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Shkruan: Prof. Nehat Hyseni<\/div>\n
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(Reflektime sociologjike mbi kriz\u00ebn politike dhe institucionale n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e Kosov\u00ebs)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Shkruan: Nehat Hyseni<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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I. Kriza e p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur institucionale<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Kriza e tanishme politike n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e Kosov\u00ebs, e cila lidhet me pamund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr zgjedhjen e Presidentit dhe me rrezikun real p\u00ebr zgjedhje t\u00eb reja parlamentare vet\u00ebm dy muaj pas zgjedhjeve t\u00eb fundit, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb simptom\u00eb e thell\u00eb e nj\u00eb problemi shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madh: funksionimit t\u00eb dob\u00ebt t\u00eb shtetit dhe t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs politike n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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N\u00eb vitin 2025, Kosova u p\u00ebrball me tri pal\u00eb zgjedhje, nj\u00eb situat\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebshmon p\u00ebr nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm t\u00eb paq\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb politike dhe institucionale. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb zgjedhjet t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb stabilitet dhe qeverisje efikase, ato shpesh prodhojn\u00eb kriz\u00eb t\u00eb re. Kjo gjendje krijon nj\u00eb paradoks t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm: nj\u00eb shtet formal demokratik q\u00eb, n\u00eb praktik\u00eb, funksionon me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Pyetja themelore q\u00eb shtrohet \u00ebsht\u00eb: pse ndodh kjo?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Nj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrgjigjet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme lidhet me struktur\u00ebn arsimore dhe kulturore t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. Sipas rezultateve t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb testimit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar t\u00eb arsimit Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje alarmante e nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb rezultojn\u00eb analfabet\u00eb funksional\u00eb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se nuk jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin n\u00eb praktik\u00eb njohurit\u00eb e fituara n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Ky fakt nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm problem arsimor; ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb problem strukturor i shtetit dhe i demokracis\u00eb.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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II. \u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb analfabetizmi funksional?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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N\u00eb literatur\u00ebn pedagogjike dhe sociologjike, analfabetizmi funksional n\u00ebnkupton aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e kufizuar t\u00eb individit p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur njohurit\u00eb baz\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e p\u00ebrditshme. Nj\u00eb person mund t\u00eb dij\u00eb t\u00eb lexoj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb shkruaj\u00eb, por nuk arrin t\u00eb:<\/div>\n
\u2022 kuptoj\u00eb tekstin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kritike<\/div>\n
\u2022 analizoj\u00eb informacionin<\/div>\n
\u2022 marr\u00eb vendime racionale<\/div>\n
\u2022 zbatoj\u00eb njohurit\u00eb n\u00eb situata praktike<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Kjo kategori \u00ebsht\u00eb studiuar gjer\u00ebsisht nga organizata nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare si OECD dhe UNESCO.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, analfabetizmi funksional nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb munges\u00eb e njohjes s\u00eb shkrim-leximit dhe alfabetit, por realisht \u00ebsht\u00eb munges\u00eb e mendimit kritik dhe aft\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb aplikimit praktik t\u00eb dijes.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Kur kjo dukuri arrin p\u00ebrmasa t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri, ajo ndikon drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb:<\/div>\n
\u2022 kultur\u00ebn politike<\/div>\n
\u2022 cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e demokracis\u00eb<\/div>\n
\u2022 funksionimin e institucioneve<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Prandaj, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rast\u00ebsi q\u00eb vendet me nivel t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb arsimit funksional p\u00ebrballen shpesh me kriza politike t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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III. Demokracia dhe niveli arsimor i shoq\u00ebris\u00eb<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Demokracia nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb sistem zgjedhor; ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb para s\u00eb gjithash kultur\u00eb qytetare. Pa qytetar\u00eb t\u00eb informuar dhe kritik\u00eb, demokracia mund t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm formal q\u00eb prodhon elita politike t\u00eb dob\u00ebta.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Filozofi amerikan John Dewey e konsideronte arsimin si themelin e demokracis\u00eb. Sipas tij, demokracia nuk mund t\u00eb mbijetoj\u00eb pa qytetar\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar dhe analizuar realitetin shoq\u00ebror.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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N\u00ebse nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri dominohet nga analfabetizmi funksional, at\u00ebher\u00eb zgjedhjet nuk prodhojn\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebrisht qeverisje cil\u00ebsore. N\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, vota shpesh ndikohet nga:<\/div>\n
\u2022 propaganda politike<\/div>\n
\u2022 klientelizmi<\/div>\n
\u2022 emocionet kolektive<\/div>\n
\u2022 identitetet partiake<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb instrument racional i zgjedhjes, vota b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb refleks social i momentit.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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IV. Analfabetizmi funksional dhe prodhimi i elitave politike<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Nj\u00eb nga ligjet e heshtura t\u00eb sociologjis\u00eb politike \u00ebsht\u00eb se elitat politike jan\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb q\u00eb i prodhon ato.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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N\u00ebse shoq\u00ebria karakterizohet nga nivel i ul\u00ebt i mendimit kritik, edhe elitat politike shpesh do t\u00eb ken\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat kufizime.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Kjo shfaqet n\u00eb disa m\u00ebnyra:<\/div>\n
1. Politika pa vizion strategjik<\/div>\n
Programet politike shpesh jan\u00eb t\u00eb paqarta dhe populiste.<\/div>\n
2. Institucione t\u00eb dob\u00ebta<\/div>\n
Vendimmarrja politike mb\u00ebshtetet m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje personale sesa n\u00eb rregulla institucionale.<\/div>\n
3. Kriza t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura politike<\/div>\n
Institucionet nuk arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb stabilitet afatgjat\u00eb.<\/div>\n
4. Polarizim i skajsh\u00ebm politik<\/div>\n
Debati racional z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet nga konflikti politik.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb rreth vicioz:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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analfabetiz\u00ebm funksional \u2192 politik\u00eb e dob\u00ebt \u2192 institucione t\u00eb dob\u00ebta \u2192 shtet jofunksional.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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V. Kriza aktuale politike n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Situata aktuale n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ilustrim i qart\u00eb i k\u00ebtij cikli. Pamund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur Presidentin nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb problem procedurial kushtetues; ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb shprehje e nj\u00eb kulture politike t\u00eb fragmentuar dhe t\u00eb polarizuar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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N\u00eb teori, sistemi kushtetues i Kosov\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb i nd\u00ebrtuar mbi standardet e demokracive parlamentare evropiane. Kushtetuta \u00ebsht\u00eb hartuar n\u00ebn mbik\u00ebqyrjen nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe p\u00ebrfshin mekanizma t\u00eb shumt\u00eb balancimi institucional.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb praktik\u00eb, sistemi shpesh bllokohet p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb:<\/div>\n
\u2022 munges\u00ebs s\u00eb kompromisit politik<\/div>\n
\u2022 rivaliteteve personale<\/div>\n
\u2022 kalkulimeve elektorale afatshkurtra<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Kjo situat\u00eb krijon nj\u00eb lodhje demokratike n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri. Kur zgjedhjet p\u00ebrs\u00ebriten shpesh dhe nuk prodhojn\u00eb stabilitet, qytetar\u00ebt fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb humbin besimin n\u00eb procesin demokratik.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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VI. Pasojat shoq\u00ebrore t\u00eb nj\u00eb shteti jofunksional<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Nj\u00eb shtet jofunksional nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm problem institucional; ai prodhon pasoja t\u00eb thella sociale.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmet jan\u00eb:<\/div>\n
1. Emigrimi masiv i t\u00eb rinjve<\/div>\n
Kosova vazhdon t\u00eb humbas\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb kapitalit t\u00eb saj njer\u00ebzor.<\/div>\n
2. Dob\u00ebsimi i besimit n\u00eb institucione<\/div>\n
Kur qytetar\u00ebt nuk besojn\u00eb n\u00eb shtetin e tyre, ata k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb alternativa jasht\u00eb tij.<\/div>\n
3. Stagnimi ekonomik<\/div>\n
Investitor\u00ebt shmangin vendet me paq\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebri politike.<\/div>\n
4. Radikalizimi politik dhe social<\/div>\n
Frustrimi shoq\u00ebror shpesh shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb tension politik.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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VII. Rruga drejt nj\u00eb shteti funksional<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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N\u00ebse diagnoza e problemit lidhet me analfabetizmin funksional dhe me dob\u00ebsin\u00eb e kultur\u00ebs demokratike, at\u00ebher\u00eb edhe zgjidhja duhet t\u00eb filloj\u00eb nga reforma e thell\u00eb e arsimit dhe e kultur\u00ebs qytetare.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Disa hapa strategjik\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb domosdosh\u00ebm:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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1. Reform\u00eb radikale e sistemit arsimor<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Arsimi duhet t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb nga modeli memoristik n\u00eb modelin analitik dhe kritik. Shkolla duhet t\u00eb m\u00ebsoj\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit t\u00eb:<\/div>\n
\u2022 analizojn\u00eb informacionin<\/div>\n
\u2022 zgjidhin probleme<\/div>\n
\u2022 debatojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb racionale.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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2. Edukimi qytetar dhe demokratik<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Njohja e institucioneve, e Kushtetut\u00ebs dhe e mekanizmave demokratik\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb pjes\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore e arsimit.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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3. Depolitizimi i institucioneve arsimore<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Universitetet dhe shkollat duhet t\u00eb \u00e7lirohen nga ndikimi partiak dhe t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb si institucione meritokratike.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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4. Nd\u00ebrtimi i elitave intelektuale<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Shoq\u00ebria ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb elit\u00eb intelektuale q\u00eb udh\u00ebheq debatin publik dhe orienton zhvillimin strategjik t\u00eb vendit.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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VIII. Mesazhi p\u00ebr momentin aktual politik<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment kritik t\u00eb jet\u00ebs politike t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb klasa politike t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb themelore: krizat e p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura institucionale nuk mund t\u00eb zgjidhen vet\u00ebm me zgjedhje t\u00eb reja.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Zgjedhjet jan\u00eb nj\u00eb instrument demokratik, por ato nuk mund t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsojn\u00eb:<\/div>\n
\u2022 kultur\u00ebn e kompromisit<\/div>\n
\u2022 p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb politike<\/div>\n
\u2022 vizionin shtetformues.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Prandaj, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb nj\u00eb cikli t\u00eb pafund zgjedhjesh, nevojitet nj\u00eb pakt i ri politik dhe shoq\u00ebror p\u00ebr stabilitet institucional dhe p\u00ebr reforma afatgjata.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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IX. P\u00ebrfundim<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Historia e shum\u00eb shteteve tregon se nd\u00ebrtimi i nj\u00eb shteti funksional \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces i gjat\u00eb dhe kompleks. Ai nuk varet vet\u00ebm nga kushtetuta apo nga zgjedhjet, por mbi t\u00eb gjitha nga cil\u00ebsia e kapitalit njer\u00ebzor dhe kultur\u00ebs qytetare.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Kosova do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm dhe funksional vet\u00ebm at\u00ebher\u00eb kur t\u00eb arrij\u00eb t\u00eb prodhoj\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri t\u00eb arsimuar, kritike dhe funksionale.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Prandaj, pyetja \u201cKur do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet Kosova shtet funksional?\u201d n\u00eb thelb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pyetje p\u00ebr arsimin, kultur\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb kolektive t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Sepse, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, shtetet jan\u00eb pasqyra e popujve q\u00eb i nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb ato. Apo jo?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Preshev\u00eb, m\u00eb 8 mars 2026<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Shkruan: Prof. Nehat Hyseni (Reflektime sociologjike mbi kriz\u00ebn politike dhe institucionale n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e Kosov\u00ebs) Shkruan: Nehat Hyseni I. Kriza e p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur institucionale Kriza e tanishme politike n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn e Kosov\u00ebs, e cila lidhet me pamund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr zgjedhjen e Presidentit dhe me rrezikun real p\u00ebr zgjedhje t\u00eb reja parlamentare vet\u00ebm dy muaj pas zgjedhjeve t\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9088,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-9086","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-vendi"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/syri.tv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9086","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/syri.tv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/syri.tv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syri.tv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syri.tv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9086"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/syri.tv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9086\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9089,"href":"https:\/\/syri.tv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9086\/revisions\/9089"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syri.tv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/syri.tv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9086"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syri.tv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9086"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syri.tv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9086"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}